Nonpharmacological Considerations for Managing ADHD
Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most prevalent disorders of childhood. The CDC estimates that between 3 and 7% of school-aged children have ADHD. Characterized by inattention, impulsivity and/or hyperactivity, ADHD impacts many areas of a child’s life. This includes social participation with peers and relationships with adults, academics, executive functioning skills like organization and time management, and more. Pediatricians may recommend medication and/or a variety of non-pharmaceutical interventions.
Nonpharmacological Interventions
Behavior
modification: This
intervention involves using behavioral strategies in everyday routines to
provide structure, reward positive behavior, and communicate expectations.
Examples of behavior modification may include:
- A token system.
- Use of a communication app
between home and school.
- The use of a written or visual
routine.
These
methods effectively improve academic and social performance and are even more
impactful when carried over in different environments such as school and
home.
Cognitive Behavioral Therapy: Also known as CBT, cognitive behavioral therapy involves self-management that results in behavior modification. The process involves identifying and challenging problematic thoughts and behaviors and replacing them with practical actions. A child may learn and practice problem-solving, role-playing, and the ability to redirect, instruct and guide themselves. Strategies take into account the child’s strengths and goals.
Environmental
Modifications: Children
with ADHD are more likely than their peers to be overresponsive to sensory
input; thus, the classroom can be more difficult for them to navigate.
Modifying the environment to support the child’s nervous system functioning may
include:
- Providing preferential seating,
so they are facing away from high-traffic areas such as cubbies or
hallways
- Providing access to
noise-canceling headphones
- Removing distracting classroom
decorations
- Offering a ‘cozy corner’ with
decreased visual and auditory stimulation
- Providing scheduled heavy work
motor breaks
Sensory
Integration: Sensory
integration is a specific intervention approach used by Occupational Therapist Staffing. This
sensory-rich therapy allows children to process and integrate different kinds
of sensory input in a controlled environment. Therapists look for adaptive
responses such as decreased impulsivity or the ability to tolerate increased
volume without having a meltdown. The ultimate goal is that eventually, changed
neurology results in more consistent appropriate responses to sensory
stimulation.
Activity
Modifications: For
the child with ADHD, a multi-step activity can become overwhelming and result
in behaviors or withdrawal. Breaking down large tasks into manageable chunks
can allow the child to experience success. Reduce the size of homework or the
amount of written material on handouts. Focusing on quality rather than
quantity can enable these children to showcase their best work.
Social
Skills Training: Social
skills training provides children with ADHD the opportunity to learn and
practice social skills. Several professionals use this intervention, and
intervention may include education, use of social protocols, modeling,
role-playing, practice in the community, and more.
Team
Collaboration: When
a child’s disability impacts their participation at school, the child’s team
may adopt an IEP or 504 plan. Children benefit from interdisciplinary
collaboration, and the team may consist of the parents or caregivers, the
child’s physician, special education teacher, regular education teacher, social
worker, counselor, or occupational therapist. Since ADHD impacts multiple areas
of functioning, each profession can contribute its specialty. For example, the
physician can help team members understand side effects, and the occupational
therapist can suggest sensory strategies. The child, family, and
team all benefit from collaboration. Learn
More!
Comments
Post a Comment